North Carolina and UCLA Produced the Most Wins for the NBA

In my last post I noted that the longer NBA players are in college, the less they offer in the NBA.   Today it is a different question.  Which universities are turning out the most productive NBA players?

The NBA drafted players from 346 different institutions of higher learning from 1978 to 2010. See this spreadsheet for the full list.

Below is a list of the top 10 schools in wins produced. As one can see, NBA players from the University of North Carolina and UCLA produced over 200 more wins than players from any other college since 1978.

1. University of North Carolina: 54 players produced 1285.8 wins

You were expecting someone else?

  • Most productive alum: Michael Jordan with 284.2 wins produced
  • Least productive alum: Joe Wolf with -17.7 wins produced

2. University of California, Los Angeles: 65 players produced 1052.5 wins

Miller time.

3. Duke University: 38 players produced 826.5 wins

If not for the Pistons he coulda been a contender.

  • Most productive alum: Grant Hill with 137.9 wins produced
  • Least productive alum: Bobby Hurley with -5.2 wins produced

4. Michigan State University: 26 players produced 759.5 wins

Magic Johnson was worth about four players.

5. University of Houston: 21 players produced 724.6 wins

Houston's Dream #1 Pick and Robinson's Nightmare.

6. Georgetown University: 25 players produced 721.6 wins

Rejected!

7. University of Arizona: 39 players produced 570 wins

A.I who?

8. Clemson University: 13 players produced 568.8 wins

See Cleveland it's not so bad.

9. University of Nevada-Las Vegas: 29 players produced 561.6 wins

Finally a title and a spot on a top ten list!

10. Wake Forest University: 20 players produced 547.1 wins

Just happy to be here.

Summing Up

Let me close with a few more observations…

The stats required to calculate wins produced only go back to 1978. The first eight seasons for the career of UCLA’s best alum in the NBA, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, were not included in this analysis. That’s why Kareem is not the most productive UCLA alum since 1978. See this spreadsheet for the full list of alumni for each school in the top 10.

Traditional basketball powerhouses, Kentucky and Kansas, placed the third and fourth-highest number of players in the NBA after UCLA and UNC, but only rank 15th and 18th in wins produced (of course, if Wilt Chamberlain from Kansas could be included, Kansas might be ranked a bit higher).

No Kentucky Wildcat produced more than 100 wins in the NBA since 1978. Rajon Rondo is the all-time leader with 65 wins produced.

Paul Pierce is the all-time leader in wins produced for Kansas Jayhawks with 157.9 wins produced but no other alum produced more than 50 wins.

University of Houston is the only school in the top 10 with two alumni that produced more than 200 wins in their careers; Hakeem Olajuwon and Clyde Drexler (222.9 wins produced). The next closest school is Georgetown with Mutombo and Patrick Ewing (172.2 wins produced).

Clemson powered its way into the top 10 with three power forwards that produced more than 100 wins each: Larry Nance, Horace Grant (142 wins produced) and Dale Davis (120.8 wins produced).

Tim Duncan and Chris Paul combined to produce 368.2 wins (fifth-highest of any duo in the top 10) to land Wake Forest among the top schools.

Now that we know which colleges produced the most wins, the next question is whether the NBA overpaid for the college education of those players. That issue will be addressed in a future post.

-Mosi (check out more from Mosi Platt at the Miami Heat Index)

Games of the Season – 1986 to 1997

The Best Game of Each Season

I love looking over classic data. Basketball-Reference has boxscores back to 1986 for the regular season. It’s a ton of fun to review old games and today I thought I’d start a series on the best games of the past. We have twenty five years of regular season data so I figured I’d break it in two and review the best game of each regular season using the Wins Produced Metric. Here’s a snap shot (and I’ll even follow up each with some commentary on the stats).

Date Name Pos MP WP48 WP
2/25/86 Larry Bird 3.5 40 1.051 0.88
1/27/87 Charles Barkley 3.8 48 0.986 0.99
4/22/88 Charles Oakley 3.5 41 1.198 1.02
11/30/88 Charles Barkley 3.8 41 1.369 1.17
3/28/90 Michael Jordan 2.0 50 1.246 1.30
1/2/91 Dennis Rodman 3.3 44 0.965 0.88
2/18/92 Dennis Rodman 4.0 29 1.711 1.03
11/7/92 Charles Barkley 3.6 44 1.122 1.03
11/20/93 Shaquille O’Neal 5.0 36 1.392 1.04
12/13/94 Willie Burton 2.1 43 1.085 0.97
3/7/96 Michael Jordan 2.0 38 1.267 1.00
11/2/96 Charles Barkley 3.9 45 0.981 0.92

 Table 1: Best game of the season for the 1986 to 1997 seasons.

1986 Game of the Season: Larry Bird in 91-74 Boston Celtics victory over New York Knicks on 2/25/1986

The 1986 season unsurprisingly features Larry Bird doing everything. In a comfortable win Bird put up a triple double by shooting efficiently, sharing the ball and rebounding. This was business as usual according to the Youtube video.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
24 0.741 18 13 3 1 0 2

1987 Game of the Season: Charles Barkley in 108-103 Philadelphia 76ers victory over New York Knicks on 1/27/1987

Barkley put up a 20 point 20 rebound night. He tacked on seven steals and assists. His turnovers were a bit high but we’ll look the other way on this otherwise stellar performance.

<img class="size-full wp-image-4166 aligncenter" title="

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
25 0.789 23 7 5 7 0 3

1988 Game of the Season: Charles Oakley in 103-107 Chicago Bulls loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers on 4/22/1988

Despite pulling down over 60% of his teams rebounds and shooting at a ridiculous rate Oakley wasn’t able to keep the Bulls from losing to the Cavs. His numbers merit him the rare honor of earning a Perfect Game (WP of over 1.0) but sadly his team let him down.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
26 0.697 35 3 6 1 0 2

1989 Game of the Season: Charles Barkley in 114-106 Philadelphia 76ers victory over the Portland Trail Blazers on 11/30/1988

Sir Charles ups his previous 20 and 20 performance to a 40 and 20. His true shooting percentage mark of 0.827 is ridiculous. As before, he even managed to tack on some steals and assists for good measure. Such numbers make him the second player in our data to earn a Perfect Game.

<img class="size-full wp-image-4166 aligncenter" title="

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
41 0.827 22 5 3 6 1 2

1990 Game of the Season: Michael  Jordan in 117-113 Chicago Bulls victory over the Cleveland Cavaliers on 3/28/1990

Come on, you knew it wouldn’t be long before he showed up, right? Jordan gets on this list by doing what he did best – score. Of course his rebounding in this game was also amazing. Tack on passing, stealing, while limiting turnovers and we have yet another Perfect Game.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
69 0.732 18 6 2 4 1 5

1991 Game of the Season: Dennis Rodman in 118-107 Detroit Pistons victory over the Denver Nuggets on 1/21/1991

Rodman gets on this list in large part to his primary skill of rebounding. Of course in this game he also showed he was capable of carrying the offensive load.  Yes, Rodman was able to put up 34 points on highly efficient shooting. His other numbers aren’t too impressive but turns out those two things win games.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
34 0.733 23 0 0 2 0 1

1992 Game of the Season: Dennis Rodman in 117-95 Detroit Pistons victory over the Orlando Magic on 2/18/1992

Dennis Rodman earns a Perfect Game and wins back to back games of the season. His rebounding numbers are great to go along with a decent number of assists. His scoring may seem low, but he managed 18 points on a mere ten shots from the field and no trips to the line.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
18 0.900 27 5 1 0 1 4

1993 Game of the Season: Charles Barkley in 111-105 Phoenix Suns victory over the Los Angeles Clippers on 11/7/1992

Barkley makes it back onto the list with yet another Perfect Game following his typical line 20+ points to go with 20+ rebounds. He also tacks on his assists, but his steals are lacking. We’ll forgive him.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
37 0.788 21 8 3 1 1 2

1994 Game of the Season: Shaquille O’Neal in 87-85 Orlando Magic victory over the New Jersey Nets on 11/20/1993

Shaq’s 24 points seem low for Superman in his prime. Of course, the real secret to Shaq’s greatness this game was in his rebounding and blocking. He exceeded 25 boards and 15 blocks to help his Magic eke out a close victory and earn himself his first Perfect Game.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
24 0.617 28 3 3 1 15 4

1995 Game of the Season: Willie Burton in 105-90 Philadelphia 76ers victory over the Miami Heat on 12/13/1994

A little over a month after being waived by the Heat Burton managed to exact revenge. While many of the other Games of the Season involve multi-faceted attacks, Willie stuck to scoring to win his title. Willie went 12 for 19 from the field and tacked on 24 points in 28 trips to the charity stripe to earn top honors for the year.  This game is evidence that for one game, most NBA player can be amazing.  Of course, the truly amazing players can put up great numbers in more than one game.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
53 0.846 8 3 1 1 2 2

1996 Game of the Season: Michael Jordan in 102-81 Chicago Bulls victory over the Detroit Pistons on 3/7/1996

Jordan manages to just hit his second Perfect Game by “being like Burton”. Of course, he also managed to pull down over ten boards and grab more than a few steals. His assists were a bit low, but I suspect his shooting in this game was much better than his team mates’ would have been.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
53 0.818 11 2 4 6 0 3

1997 Game of the Season: Charles Barkley in 110-95 Houston Rockets victory over the Phoenix Suns on 11/2/1996

For the fourth time in eleven years, Charles Barkley manages to have the best game of the season. It’s his classic 20 and 20 recipe with a slight variation. This time his rebounds exceed 30 while his points just exceed 20. To add insult to injury, Chuck earns his top mark against his former team.

PTS TS% RBD AST TOV STL BLK PF
20 0.706 33 2 3 0 2 4

 Summing Up

With the exclusion of Burton in the 1995 season, many of these names were not at all surprising. We’ll have to see if any of them stick around for the next list! I do enjoy the fact that Charles Barkley and Dennis Rodman both show up as many times as Michael Jordan. I hope you enjoy this article and I’m curious if there will be a bump on Willie Burton searches.

-Dre

Quick Takes: Northwest Division Draft Grades

Devin Dignam (of NBeh? “fame”) here, with another edition of my quick draft day grades. Today I am starting the Western Conference grades by taking a look at the Northwest Division teams. Previously I’ve looked at:

For those who are forgetful (thanks for the suggestion, mmotherwell), here are the average positional values for PAWS/40:

  • PG: 7.4
  • SG: 8.4
  • SF: 9.95
  • PF: 12.59
  • C: 12.32
  • All players: 10.17

Ranking all players by PAWS gives us a good idea of how well a player performed in their various leagues. A word of warning, though: NCAA PAWS/40 does not correlate perfectly to NBA success, and Euroleague PAWS/40 is even worse. For the most part, though, players with a PAWS of 12 or higher usually end up being good NBA players, and players with a PAWS of under 7.3 end up being below average players.

In order to come up with team grades, my method is as follows: I have a spreadsheet with all the draft prospects, all the draftees, their PAWS/40, and (thanks to Arturo) the expected values of each pick. I also recorded the change in salary and wins obtained through draft day trades involving veteran players. Based on these numbers, I came up with the value that each team stands to gain if PAWS/40 can perfectly predict NBA productivity. Of course, PAWS/40 can’t predict NBA productivity perfectly, so the values I came up with aren’t infallible; I had to offer some subjective alterations to the raw scores. I won’t pretend that my evaluations are perfect, but nevertheless, I much prefer my methods to the vast majority of draft evaluations, which rely almost exclusively on subjective elements.

On to the grades!

Oklahoma City Thunder: B+

With the #24 the Thunder grabbed point guard Reggie Jackson, an NCAA Junior who posted a PAWS/40 of 12.17, which is good enough for 11th amongst all drafted and “nearly drafted” (players who were in mocks, but didn’t end up getting drafted) players. Jackson looks like he’s going to become a good NBA player – so he was a good pick – but OKC is already set at both guard positions (as well as small forward). The team would’ve been better off looking for a centre, given that Nick Collison (WP48 0.027) and Kendrick Perkins (WP48 0.074) struggled somewhat last year. Perhaps OKC wasn’t enthralled with Russell Westbrook’s Derrick Rose impersonation in the playoffs and is hoping Jackson will be a replacement? Probably not, but in the very least, look for the Thunder to try to move backup PG Eric Maynor.

"I can't believe that I was traded for Jeff Green"

Denver Nuggets: A+

Without question, the Denver Nuggets made the best choices on draft night. With the #22, the Nuggets managed to get the NCAA player who posted the highest PAWS/40 (17.28) in the draft, Kenneth Faried. Then they picked up Jordan Hamilton at #26, who posted the 21st best PAWS/40 (at 10.72) in the draft. Of course, the cost of acquiring the #26 was swapping Raymond Felton for Andre Miller, but (ignoring age) that was largely a lateral move, as Felton and Miller produce at about the same rate and are very close matches salary-wise. With a lineup of Ty Lawson, Arron Afflalo, Jordan Hamilton, Faried, Nene, and Andre Miller, Wilson Chandler, Danilo Gallinari, and Chris Andersen coming off the bench (or a similar permutation), Denver looks really scary.

Expect to see a lot of this in the future

Portland Trailblazers: C

As mentioned above, the Blazers swapped Andre Miller and for Raymond Felton on draft night. But also included in that deal was the #26 pick, which Portland acquired from Dallas in exchange for Rudy Fernandez. Let’s make a nice table (all money is expressed in millions of dollars):

Player Old Team New Team Expected Wins Value Salary
Raymond Felton DEN POR 8.0 13.6 7.5
Andre Miller POR DEN 9.3 15.9 7.80
Rudy Fernandez POR DAL 4.3 7.2 2.18
#26 Pick DAL DEN 5.1 8.7 4.59

Fernandez for the #26 was an okay deal – slightly in Dallas’ favour, but it had the potential to be a steal if the Blazers made a good draft choice (Denver ended up getting Jordan Hamilton, for example). On the other hand, the Felton deal was bad for Portland because while Miller and Felton are essentially equal, the #26 was also included. Overall, Portland lost $7.03 million in veteran production and $3.41 million that was tied to the draft pick.

But Portland still had some picks, and they used them to select a couple of Seniors: with the #21, the team selected Duke PG/SG Nolan Smith. And with the #51, the Blazers selected Ohio State shooting guard Jon Diebler. Smith posted a PAWS/40 of 9.67; Diebler posted a PAWS/40 of 9.97. Both of these numbers are right around average (10.2), and if Portland’s draft only consisted of taking these two players, they’d get a B. But because they also threw away the #26, they get a C.

The Blazers' season will depend on this man

Utah Jazz: INC

Much like the Raptors, the Jazz used their #3 pick to gamble on a mystery box big man. And although we don’t have any recent stats for Enes Kanter, much like Jonas Valanciunas, he has international experience and seems like he’ll be an above average player. In fact, Kanter and Valanciunas have had some head-to-head battles during international play, and both have played very well. Of the two, I suspect that Valanciunas will become the better player, but I still expect that Kanter will be above average.

The Jazz also had the #10 pick, and they used it on Colorado shooting guard Alec Burks, who posted a PAWS/40 of 11.77 (16th). Burks looks like he’ll be a very good player – Arturo’s models agree. That’s good news for Jazz fans, because the backcourt has been looking pretty thin ever since Deron Williams’ departure. Despite my enthusiasm for Utah’s selections, I can’t give them anything other than an Incomplete until we get our first look at Kanter.

In all fairness, Kanter is probably closer to a boat than a pair of tickets to a crappy comedy show

Minnesota Timberwolves: D

Another draft, another opportunity to laugh at what has become the most dysfunctional franchise in the league. Sure, Derrick Williams (PAWS/40 12.58, 9th) was a good pick, but with Kyrie Irving going to the Cavs, the T-Wolves simply made the safe pick. They also had the #20, which they turned into the #23 and #38…then turned the #23 into the #28 and the #43, and sold the #38…and then turned the #28 into the #31, a future second round pick, and “cash considerations”. The end result is that the Wolves turned the #20 into the #31 and #43 picks, a future second round pick, and an unknown amount of cash. With those two picks the team selected Bojan Bogdanovic (PAWS/40 5.12, 74th) and Malcolm Lee (PAWS/40 5.47, 70th), two players who are far below the cutoff line of 7.3.

If this was all that Minnesota did on draft night, they’d be in for an F. But they also traded away PG Johnny Flynn in exchange for aged centre Brad Miller. Brad Miller is no longer an above average player (his 3-year WP48 is 0.071), doesn’t play very many minutes (5065 over the last 3 years – and trending downwards), and is overpaid ($9.86 million left on his deal), but he is certainly an improvement over Flynn, who is the 38th most overpaid player in the league. This swap of veteran players bumps Minny up to a D.

"KAAAAAAAHN!"

- Devin

NBA Overpays for College Education

College seniors are the most overpaid group of players drafted by the NBA!!!

Okay, that’s the basic idea behind this post.  Let’s start with the basic methods followed in the analysis supporting this conclusion.

This preliminary analysis was powered by NerdNumbers and conducted as follows:

  1. Using data from basketball-reference.com, nba.com and thedraftreview.com, NBA players drafted since 1978 were split into six groups: high school players, foreign players, freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. Some errors have been identified in the copies of this data, so if you notice any please leave a note in the comments section.
  2. The NBA’s expenses for player salaries were divided by the total number of wins in the league to determine the average cost per win for each season since 1986. Player salaries for 1987 and 1990 were not available for this preliminary analysis. Currently, individual players’ season data were omitted if the player was traded after the start of the regular season. This will be corrected and the analysis will be updated in the future.
  3. The salaries for each group of players were subtracted from the product of the wins produced by that group and the average cost per win to identify the “cost efficiency” for each group. In other words…. Cost efficiency = (Wins Produced * Average Cost Per Win) – Player Salaries.

Here is how college seniors compare to players coming out high school:

From 1986 to the present, college seniors were paid over $700 million more than their production on the court warranted.  Much of this over-payment, though, occurred in recent years.

The average cost per win produced in the NBA from 1986 to 2011 is $0.98 million. The average player produces 0.100 wins per 48 minutes (WP48), and in 1998, college seniors produced an average of 0.101 WP48. If we look at all years from 1986 to 1998, seniors were only overpaid three times.

Since the lockout-shortened season in 1999, however, the performance of college seniors has fallen off but their costs have not. The average college senior only offered a 0.069 WP48 in 2011. And seniors were collectively overpaid 12 times in the thirteen seasons since the lockout.

On the other hand, players who came directly out of high school have produced an above average 0.144 WP48.   And these players have been underpaid in 13 of the last 16 seasons.

The results are listed below. Click the links for each group to see a spreadsheet of the analysis.

High School Players

  • Total Wins Produced: 1,475.4
  • WP48: 0.144
  • Total Salaries: $1.87 billion
  • Average Cost Per Win Produced: $1.27 million
  • Cost efficiency: Underpaid by $313.8 million
  • Most productive player’s cost: Kevin Garnett with 287.3 wins produced and $270.1 million in salary
  • Least productive player’s cost: Al Harrington with -12.8 wins produced and $68.6 million in salary

Foreign Players

  • Total Wins Produced: 1,585.5
  • WP48: 0.107
  • Total Salaries: $2.09 billion
  • Average Cost Per Win Produced: $1.32 million
  • Cost efficiency: Underpaid by $105.3 million
  • Most productive player’s cost: Dirk Nowitzki with 159.2 wins produced and $141.3 million in salary
  • Least productive player’s cost: Andrea Bargnani with -20.4 wins produced and $29.5 million in salary

Freshmen

  • Total Wins Produced: 934.5
  • WP48: 0.099
  • Total Salaries: $1.24 billion
  • Average Cost Per Win Produced: $1.33 million
  • Cost efficiency: Underpaid by $93.6 million
  • Most productive player’s cost: Shawn Kemp with 115.4 wins produced and $64 million in salary
  • Least productive player’s cost: Dajuan Wagner with -7.4 wins produced and $8.2 million in salary

Sophomores

  • Total Wins Produced: 2,634.3
  • WP48: 0.117
  • Total Salaries: $3.16 billion
  • Average Cost Per Win Produced: $1.2 million
  • Cost efficiency: Underpaid by $401.6 million
  • Most productive player’s cost: Jason Kidd with 282.1 wins produced and $174.5 million in salary
  • Least productive player’s cost: Ron Mercer with -9.0 wins produced and $33.5 million in salary

Juniors

  • Total Wins Produced: 4,878.0
  • WP48: 0.123
  • Total Salaries: $4.7 billion
  • Average Cost Per Win Produced: $0.96 million
  • Cost efficiency: Underpaid by $148.1 million
  • Most productive player’s cost: Karl Malone with 282.2 wins produced and $104.1 million in salary
  • Least productive player’s cost: Maurice Taylor with -23.4 wins produced and $39.4 million in salary

Seniors

  • Total Wins Produced: 14,510.8
  • WP48: 0.093
  • Total Salaries: $12.4 billion
  • Average Cost Per Win Produced: $0.85 million
  • Cost efficiency: Overpaid by $736.8 million
  • Most productive player’s cost: John Stockton with 279.3 wins produced and $66.7 million in salary
  • Least productive player’s cost: Clifford Robinson with -27.2 wins produced and $60.8 million in salary

While members of the National Basketball Players Association stand together during the lockout, maybe they should begin to question the value of higher education for their players.

The NBA owners don’t collectively lose money with bad contracts.  This is because player salaries are a fixed cost as a designated percentage of basketball-related income.  So when the Knicks overpay Eddy Curry, this doesn’t really cost the owners as a group.

Who does lose from bad contracts?  Perhaps surprisingly, it is the player.  The majority of players lose money with bad contracts because they reduce the pool of money available for the rest of the players. So while younger, productive players remain underpaid by salary restrictions (like “rookie-scale contracts” and “max deals”); the older, less productive players get to be overpaid by the fruits of their peers’ labor.

So maybe NBA players should be thinking about the benefits of rookie salary scales and the factors that drive bad contracts in basketball.

- Mosi Platt

If you enjoyed this article, then you may also like a similar analysis posted at the Miami Heat Index blog –  Heat Check: Value of a College Education in the NBA.

Just Desserts: LeBron Units

Just to remind you guys, we have a new section:

Arturo has liked this idea so much he’s put together three in the last week. Today’s is actually inspired by an earlier piece

If we look across the last five years LeBron James has been the best player in the league. It’s fun to try and compare other players to him, e.g. Durant vs. LeBron or Melo vs. LeBron. To make life easier for you Arturo looked over every player for the 2011 season and showed how much of a LeBron they were in terms of the league and then add them all up to see how many LeBrons a team has.

Players Wins in terms of Average Wins - http://wagesofwins.net/2011/07/12/just-desserts-ranking-every-player-for-2011/

Some fun notes:

  • Dwight Howard (Arturo’s MVP) is the only player to exceed one LeBron
  • Andrea Bargnani is the Anti-LeBron at -0.45 units. He wouldn’t delete the impact of LeBron on a team but he’d hamper it.
  • Chicago and Miami are the only teams to exceed two LeBrons.
  • All of Denver is worth essentially one LeBron.
  • The Wizards are pretty bad. Even if they had LeBron they’d only be marginally better than Golden State.

-Arturo and Dre